Keep up with your time when you start the exam and finish. Take the total minutes it took you to complete the exam and divide it by 100. This is your average time it took you to answer each question. Then multiply that "average" by 150 and that is around how long it would have taken you to complete the AM portion of the board!
Which of the following terms matches the definition: the teeth on either side of a missing tooth?
Abutment
Crown
Articulator
Pontic
Which of the following is not considered a contraindication for Nitrous oxide analgesia?
Severe emotional Disturbances
ANUG
First Trimester of Pregnancy
Bleomycin sulfate
Which of the following is not considered an advantage of using Zinc-Oxide Eugenol?
Dimensional stability
Cannot be used in very deep undercuts
Good surface detail
Mucostatic
In four-handed dentistry, which zone matches up with region 7 o'clock to 12 o'clock.
Transfer zone
Activity zone
Assisting zone
Static zone
Which of the following is not a benefit of using Paralleling Technique with radiography?
Takes less time to direct rays.
Parallel rays eliminates magnification.
Less distortion since film plane remains flat.
Patient can be seated in an upright position.
Which of the following is not true related to the Inverse Square Law?
Intensity of radiation varies inversely as the square of the distance from its source.
Intensity of the x-rays becomes less with greater distance from the source.
If distance is reduced by half, the intensity is 2 times as great.
As the distance from the object to the source of radiation is decreased, the x-ray intensity of the object increases.
Which of the following is not a major chemical in the typical fixer?
Sodium thiosulfite
Acetic or sulfuric acid
Sodium sulfite
Sulfate fixeratis
Which of the following could not cause part of the film to be clear by accident?
The developing solution level was too low, and not all of the film on the hanger was immersed.
The film packet was opened outside the darkroom.
Part of the film was accidentally immersed in fixer prior to developer.
The x-ray beam was aligned so that it missed part of the film (so-called cone cut).
Which of the following is the most infectious bloodborne pathogen likely to be encountered in the dental workplace?
Hepatitis B
HIV
Tuberculosis
Prion disease
Which of the types of RNA is the smallest?
mRNA
tRNA
rRNA
Which of the following divisions of cell growth precedes Mitosis in the cell cycle?
G2
G1
S
G0
Down syndrome is directly linked to a genetic abnormality of chromosome?
XXII
XXI
XIIX
XV
How many ATP are required to transform pyruvate into glucose?
5
6
7
8
Which of the following is not a derivative of the amino acid (Tryptophan)?
Melatonin
Serotonin
Creatine
Niacin
Which of the following is the most common type of lung cancer?
Large cell
Adenocarcinoma
Oat cell
Squamous cell
What cell type secrets surfactant?
Plasma cell
Type I alveolar cell
Type II alveolar cell
III alveolar cell
Which of the following pulmonary term correlates with the definition: noted obstruction of the trachea or larynx.
Rhonchi
Stridor
Wheezes
Vesicular
Which of the following is not generally caused by COPD?
Pneumonia
Right sided heart failure
Headaches
Cor pulmonale
Which of the following is not considered a COPD related disease?
Bronchiectasis
Bronchial asthma
Bronchitis
Bronchial hypotension
The renal medulla is composed of tissue called ______.
Renal pyramids
Nephrons
Renal sinus
Renal pelvis
Which is found in the highest concentration in the urine?
Uric acid
Urea
Glucose
Creatinine
The primary function of the ascending loop of Henle in the kidney is?
The active re-absorption of sodium
The active re-absorption of chloride ions
The passive re-absorption of potassium
The passive re-absorption of urea
Which of the following match with the definition: a poor output of urine?
Oliguria
Pyruia
Enuresis
Diuresis
Which of the following is not associated with the role of the kidneys?
Release of erythropoietin (hormone)
Release of renin (enzyme)
Release of Vitamin E
Activate Vitamin D
Which of the following is not a germ layer during the 3rd week of development?
Mesoderm
Ectoderm
Endoderm
Exoderm
Which of the following structures contains genes for enzymes and antibiotic resistance?
Plasmid
Pilus
Capsule
Plasma Membrane
Which of the following is not true concerning Staphylococcus aureus?
S. aureus is related to inflammation
S. aureus can cause pneumonia
S. aureus can lead to acute bacterial endocarditis
S. aureus does not make coagulase
Which of the following is not fungal related?
Cryptococcus neoformans
Candida albicans
Tinea nigra
Chlamydiae
What anatomical structure connects the stomach and the mouth?
Trachea
Spinal column
Hepatic duct
Esophagus
Liquids that evaporate quickly are known as _____ liquids.
Viscous
Volatile
Evaporative
Transient
Which of the following is not considered a characteristic or property of a gas?
Volume
Mass
Pressure
Particles
The functional unit of the kidney is known as?
Medulla
Glomerulus
Pyramid
Nephron
Which of the following is not considered a function of the kidneys?
Secretion
Reabsorption
Transport
Filtration
Hardening of the arteries is known as:
Atheriosclerosis
Venous narrowing
Micro-circulation
Hypertension
Cholesterol that is known as (LDL) stands for:
Low-density lipoproteins
Low-density lysosomes
Level-density lipoproteins
Level-density lysosomes
Organs repair themselves through a process of?
Meiosis
Mitosis
Cellular differentiation
Transformation
Which of the following statements about enzymes is not true?
Enzymes are catalysts.
Almost all enzymes are proteins.
Enzymes operate most efficiently at optimum pH
Enzymes are destroyed during chemical reactions.
Which of the following statements about prostaglandins is not true?
Prostaglandins promote inflammation.
Prostaglandins can only constrict blood vessels.
Prostaglandins are made in the renal medulla.
Prostaglandins can lead to pain and fever.
Which cellular organelle contains enzymes that are considered digestive?
Golgi Apparatus
Lysosomes
Nucleus
Ribosomes
When the chromosomes line up in mitosis this is known as which phase?
Telophase
Anaphase
Metaphase
Prophase
Which of the following Vitamins is not stored in the Liver?
Vitamin A
Vitamin B
Vitamin C
Vitamin D
Which of the following is not a specific element of Hepatitis C?
Vaccine available
May be transmitted with sexual contact
Inflammation of the liver
Lifetime carrier
What type of cell releases insulin?
b cells
a cells
plasma cells
D cells
Which of the following enzyme breaks down starches to maltose.
Amylase
Lipase
Trypsinogen
Pepsin
Blood flowing into the cardiac veins enters the _______ next.
Coronary Sinus
Left Ventricle
Right Ventricle
Left Atrium
Pulmonary edema is most like associated with a failing _____ _____.
Right atrium
Left atrium
Right ventricle
Left ventricle
Which of the following may result from an overdose of insulin?
glycosuria
convulsions
hyperglycemia
diabetes insipidus
A drug that causes xerostomia is
a cholinergic agent
an anticholinergic agent
an antiadrenergic agent
a cholinesterase inhibitor
an alpha-adrenergic blocking drug
Which oral condition could result from the administration of a glucocorticoid?
candida albicans
linea alba
lichen planus
brown hairy tongue
gingival inflammation
Lichen planus can be treated topically by which of the following medications?
tetracycline
rifampin (Rifadin)
metronidazole (Flagyl)
dexamethasone (Decadron)
nifedipine (Procardia)
Which of the following substances can contribute to a patient’s stomach ulcers?
cimetidine (Tagamet)
aspirin
cigarettes
thyroid medication
oral contraceptives
You detect an acetone or fruity breath on the patient. What could this represent?
pipe smoking
hyperglycemia
high fat diet
insulin overdose
poor oral hygiene
Which of the following hormones is released in response to hyperglycemia?
insulin
estrogen
thyroxine
glucagon
epinephrine
During periodontal debridement, your diabetic patient demonstrates sweating, tachycardia, and confusion. Which of the following is the BEST course of action?
begin CPR
administer oxygen
administer insulin
administer oral carbohydrate
direct the patient to breathe into a paper bag
Which of the following cells synthesize antibodies?
mast
stem
plasma
fibroblasts
macrophages
Precautions must be taken when drugs are administered to geriatric patients because elderly people
may metabolize drugs less rapidly
may not be able to excrete drugs as rapidly
will usually require greater than average adult doses
all of the above
only (1) and (2) above
Protracted use ("prolonged use") of sulfa drugs may produce symptoms of vitamin K deficiency because sulfa drugs
are detoxified in the liver
combine chemically with vitamin K
inhibit growth of intestinal bacteria
interfere with the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin
inhibit calcium absorption which is essential to enzyme systems
The letters "prn" appearing on a prescription indicate that a medication is to be administered
at bedtime
after meals
by a registered nurse
when needed
The abbreviation "TID" on a prescription means
three times daily
twice daily
take into dentist office
once daily
Which of the following is not an action of aspirin?
analgesic
obtundent
antipyretic
antiinflammatory
The action of epinephrine when combined with a local anesthetic is to
increase the amount of local anesthetic needed for effect
decrease the relative length of action of an anesthetic
enhance circulation and wash the anesthetic from the site of action more quickly
increase the duration of anesthesia
Postoperative dressings placed after root planing may
inhibit the bacterial flora adjacent to the tooth
increase the tendency for postoperative bleeding
reduce postoperative discomfort
accelerate healing
Staining of carious and pre-carious tooth surfaces occurs with the use of
stannous fluroide
sodium monoflurophosphate
sodium fluoride
sodium silicofluoride
acidulated phosphate fluoride
Repeated topical applications of a fluoride agent will NOT produce mottling because
the fluoride concentration of the solution is weak
the applied fluoride is neutralized by the saliva
excessive amounts of fluoride are removed when the teeth are polished
it is not fluoride that produces the mottling seen in fluorosis
the teeth are already calcified and cannot be altered in this fashion
Topical anesthetic agents are most effective when applied to
skin
palatal mucosa
keratinized epithelium
nonkeratinized soft tissue
areas of acute inflammation
Use of the following shows considerable promise as a means of plaque prevention?
fluroide
penicillin
chlorhexidine
dextransucrase
pulsating irrigation
Stomatitis caused by use of dentifrices containing certain detergents is generally treated by
discontinuing use of the dentifrice
administering antihistamines
administering anti-inflammatory agents
periodic rinsing with sodium bicarbonate solutions
Each of the following is a property of an ideal chemical disinfectant EXCEPT
heatability
long shelf life
solubility in water
activity against vegetative microbes
Which of the following is NOT a reason to premedicate nervous patients before induction of general anesthesia
relieve anxiety
prolong induction
prevent adverse effects of the anesthetic agent
potentiate or supply an effect not produced by the anesthetic
shorting duration of anesthesia from a single injection
The mechanism of action of local anesthetics is to
block nerve synapes
coagulate nerve protein reversibility
depolarize persistently the nerve membrane
block nerve conduction by preventing nerve depolarization
Which of the following actions is not caused by epinephrine?
tremor
miosis
anxiety
headache
palpitations
Exopthalmos, nervousness, tachycardia, heat intolerance, and hypertension MOST likely suggest which of the following conditons?
hypothyroidism
hyperthyroidism
hypoparathyroidism
hyperparathyroidism
Which of the following, when taken with antacids, can result in as much as a 50% DECREASE in intestinal absorption of the medication?
codeine
meperidine
acetaminophen
penicillin VK
tetracycline
Anatomy question time: Which of the following portions of the brain controls respiration?
medulla oblongata
cerebrum
thalamus
cerebellum
spinal cord
Which of the following is the MOST effective antitussive medication?
codeine
Demerol (meperidine)
morphine
methadone
nalorphine
Current research suggests that antimicrobial agents do each of the following except:
alter the bacterial cell wall
reduce the formation of pellicle
change the metabolism of bacteria
increase the specificity of microbes
decrease the bacteria’s attachment to the tooth surfaces
Jane Wallace has been taking aspirin for rheumatoid arthritis for the past two years. Prior to periodontal debridement, a dental hygienist evaluates the patient’s physical condition and notices large bruises on the patient’s arms. The patient reports this occurred when she was moving furniture and bumped herself. Which of the following is the BEST course of action?
refer the patient for hospital dentistry
ask patient to discontinue aspirin and reappoint
request a complete blood workup by the patient’s physician
assess the patient’s gingival tissues for bleeding and proceed as usual
notify the appropriate authorities regarding the possibility of physical
An excess of which of the following hormones can be associated with an increased sensitivity to epinephrine?
insulin
thyroid
estrogen
parathyroid
testosterone
A patient reports a serious allergic reaction to Oil of Cloves. Which of the following cements should be avoided?
BIS-GMA
glass ionomer
phosphoric acid
ethoxybenzoic acid
Zinc oxide-eugenol
The most common adverse reaction to fluoride toxicity is (are):
nausea
diarrhea
abdominal cramping
respiratory distress
cardiac irregularities
After receiving a local anesthetic injection, the patient experiences anaphylaxis. To treat this condition immediately, you use which drug of choice?
morphine
thiopental
epinephrine
pentobarbital
diphenhydramine
Fluorides are chiefly eliminated through which of the following?
liver
kidneys
pancreas
small intestine
large intestine
Which of the following BEST represents the reason that nitroglycerin is effective in treating anginal pain?
causes general vascular dilation
possesses central analgesic actions
produces specific coronary vasodilation
increases the efficiency of the myocardium
has a negative chronotropic action on the heart
Which of the following local anesthetics can be administered intravenously to treat cardiac arrhythmias?
lidocaine
benzocaine
prilocaine
propoxycaine
Which of the following actions is NOT a potential side effect of epinephrine?
anxiety/nervousness
headache
tachycardia
bronchospasm
bronchodilation
A patient allergic to lidocaine (Xylocaine) should NOT be given which of the related drugs as an anesthetic?
procaine (Novocain)
propoxycaine (Ravocaine)
mepivicaine (Carbocaine)
tetracaine (Pontocaine)
An infection in an area can prevent the accumulation of effective concentrations of local anesthetic solution because of
low tissue pH
excessive dilution with tissue fluids
the intense stimulation of pain due to the infection
rapid absorption of the solution into the systemic circulation
A patient taking digitalis probably has
angina pectoris or atherosclerosis
atheroslerosis or congestive heart failure
congestive heart failure or atrial fibrillation
atrial fibrillation or essential hypertension
Acute psychoses, peptic ulcers, chronic heart failure and edema are classic contraindications for which of the following drugs?
cortisone
digitalis
penicillin
nitromersol
The cause of death from overdose of any central nervous system depressant is usually
renal failure
thromboembolism
hepatic necrosis
respiratory depression
Long term exposure to low doses of nitrous oxide has been shown to increase the incidences of
myeloneuropathy
multiple sclerosis
spontaneous abortion
The greatest danger in using nitrous oxide for analgesia is
hyperventilation
a gas embolus
oxygen deprivation
cardiac arrhythmia
foreign body aspiration
A patient states "I'm allergic to Novocaine." When questioned further, he describes his experience as "shortness of breath, palpitations, cold perspiration and fainting for a few moments." From this information the dental hygienist should suspect that the patient is
a drug addict
apprehensive about receiving dental care
suffering from an undiagnosed systemic disturbance and should be referred to a physician for consultation
A sedative dose of a barbiturate produces all of the following EXCEPT
analgesia
sleepiness
CNS depression
slowed reaction time
When a local anesthetic containing epinephrine is mistakenly injected into a blood vessel, the patient could demonstrate
watery saliva
bradycardia
an elevation in blood pressure
contraction in the muscles of mastication
A patient who is allergic to penicillin will have an allergic reaction to which of the following drugs?
neomycin
cefalexin
erythromycin
Tachycardia is characterized by
rise in body temperature
decrease in pulse rate
an increase in pulse rate
an increase in blood pressure
Which medication could result in profuse hemorrhaging that fails to subside during root planing procedures?
steroids
vitamin K
amyl nitrate
dicumarol
thiazide diuretics
The drug of choice for immediate treatment of an anaphylactic reaction of a local anesthetic is
morphine
thiopental
epinephrine
pentobarbital
diphenhydramine
Which of the following is the initial treatment of syncope in a dental office?
administer 100% oxygen
administer aromatic spirits of ammonia
position the head lower than the feet
position the patient's head upright and slightly tilt it